In 1819, the Secretary of the U.S.
Treasury, who was in charge of the young nation’s lighthouses,
faced a difficult decision. Congress had appropriated funds for
navigational aids in Chesapeake Bay, but only enough to
illuminate one of two vital areas. The two options were
“Windmill Point, at the south of the Rappahannock River, or a
light vessel or boat on Wolf Trap Shoals...” The Secretary chose
the Wolf Trap site as the more pressing need.
The troublesome Wolf Trap Shoals
received a brand new 180-ton lightship in 1821. The vessel
carried two fixed lights, at elevations of 30 and 38 feet, which
were visible for ten miles. To further aid mariners, a fog bell
was also mounted on the vessel, which was painted lead-gray and
had “Wolf Trap” stenciled in black on its sides.
After forty years of service, the
lightship was destroyed by insurgents in 1861 after the outbreak
of the Civil War. Three years later, a second lightship was
placed on the station, when the Union had the region more firmly
under control.
On January 22, 1893, heavy ice floes
severed the lighthouse from its foundation. A few days later,
the lighthouse was found afloat near Thimble Shoals, with only
its roof and lantern still peaking out above the water. Keeper
John William Thomas was able to escape the doomed structure and
walk across the ice to a tugboat trapped in the frozen bay. The
lens and lantern room were salvaged from the lighthouse, before
it was towed to shore.
These days there are no keepers to come
to the aid of ship wreck victims. The lack of human personnel
has also led to the inevitable deterioration of the lighthouse,
so when the buoy tender Cowslip was dispatched in 1991 to
repair the light, its crew had their work cut out for them. They
found windows broken by bullets and storms, a leaking roof,
plenty of guano, and twenty years of weather damage.
The Cowslip’s Chief Boatswain
Mate was optimistic about the future of the station: “This is a
strong and sturdy lighthouse and I really think (it will) last
another 150 years.” Under the provisions of the National
Historic Lighthouse Preservation Act, the Wolf Trap Lighthouse
was offered to non-profit groups in 2004. When no applications
were received, the lighthouse was auctioned online in October of
2005. Nick Korstad submitted the winning bid of $75,000, with
intentions of opening the lighthouse as a bed and breakfast.
Nine months after winning the auction, Korstad put the
lighthouse up for auction on ebay with a starting bid of
$119,000. Just hours before the auction was set to expire, a bid
was made.
The new owner is unknown at this time,
but the lighthouse must remain active and accessible to the
Coast Guard. Though it is now privately owned, Wolf Trap
Lighthouse will remain a familiar day mark and nighttime aid to
navigation, faithfully demarcating the position of the
treacherous shoals.